大象传媒

The author is an organizer with Swarthmore Mountain Justice.

Over the last six months, students in the United States have launched a new strategy to change the national conversation on climate change and shift political power away from the fossil fuel industry. We鈥檙e demanding that our colleges and universities take their money out of dirty energy and invest in a way that protects our future.

Then as now, businesspeople and politicians who had been insulated from hearing dissent suddenly listened when the people began to move their money.

Fossil fuel divestment campaigns have taken off on over 200 college campuses, and two of them鈥擴nity College in Maine and in Massachusetts鈥攈ave already committed to remove fossil fuel stock from their portfolios. And it鈥檚 not just students who are taking action鈥攚hole cities such as Seattle are as well.

As a strategy, divestment is a form of economic non-cooperation. By untangling our institutions鈥� money from the fossil fuel industry, we declare that we will not be complicit with the industry鈥檚 dangerous and destructive practices. Furthermore, divestment and socially responsible reinvestment create a sizeable demand for financial portfolios that are free from fossil-fuel stocks, and fundamentally change the way our institutions and governments do business. Students, churches, and city governments are taking decisive action and hoping that governmental leadership will do the same.

Old strategies meet new struggles

Divestment is not a new idea in politics. Students who developed the current strategy of divestment cribbed the concept from the movement in the 1980s against the racist apartheid regime in South Africa.

As other groups organize resistance on the ground, our divestment campaigns can help to erode the reputations of the companies they鈥檙e fighting.

Then as now, businesspeople and politicians who had been insulated from hearing dissent suddenly listened when the people began to move their money. Grassroots campaigners utilized divestment as a way to take away the social license of corporations doing business in apartheid South Africa and thereby changed the political discourse around the issue. We saw this begin to happen in our current campaign when Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) praised students working on fossil fuel divestment in a speech on the Senate floor.

鈥淭hese students are imploring their schools to weigh the real cost of climate change against the drive for more financial returns,鈥� Whitehouse . 鈥淲ith American college and university endowments estimated to total more than $400 billion, this movement by students deserves significant attention.鈥�

Not everyone has been so enthusiastic about the idea. Scholar and journalist Christian Parenti, who wrote one of the more widely read of divestment for the Huffington Post, has said that real change cannot happen without significant federal leadership. Parenti points out that our federal government is the world鈥檚 greatest consumer of energy and vehicles, and the nation鈥檚 largest emitter of greenhouse gases. He believes that if the government begins purchasing renewable energy for its buildings and cars, the market will drastically shift towards clean energy and investments will follow.

Of course, fossil fuel divestment and Parenti鈥檚 鈥淏ig Green Buy鈥� are not mutually exclusive. But there is no time to wait for government policies to change. Furthermore, as centuries of social movement history reveals, state power doesn鈥檛 shift until you push on it. A large-scale divestment campaign is one critical part of that push.

Students examine their institutions

Rather than waiting for elected leaders to take action, students are swiftly transforming their own universities and communities by standing up to the dirty energy regime. The group that I work with at Swarthmore College, , has been waging a fossil fuel divestment campaign for the last two years. Our campaign began with a trip down to West Virginia to see firsthand the impacts of mountaintop removal coal mining, and to meet the communities who are organizing against the dangerous practice.

Carbon emissions must begin to decline by 2015 if we hope to prevent a change in global temperatures of more than 2 degrees.

Beyond Appalachia, there are numerous communities who face the destructive environmental and health impacts of extractive industries daily鈥攆rom strip mining on the Black Mesa plateau to coal exports in the Pacific Northwest, from tar sands mining in Alberta to fracking in Western Pennsylvania. In solidarity with these communities and with all of those who are directly affected by climate change, we have called on our Board of Managers to stop investing in 16 major coal, oil, and gas companies.

We have run into great resistance from Swarthmore board members who , but refuse to alter their portfolios at the risk of diminished returns. Treasurer Sue Welsh, for example, that “The college鈥檚 policy is that the endowment is not to be invested for social purposes.” The college does not screen any of its investments for political or social impact, and is invested in companies such as ExxonMobil.

By investing in these companies, our board members are betting on the financial success of mountaintop removal, drilling for oil in the Gulf, and other deadly practices, .

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We have spent the last two years building student, alumni, and faculty support for fossil fuel divestment. Swarthmore College has a long history of leadership in social justice, and many of these values are integrated into the culture of the school. Through our work, it has become understood within the larger Swarthmore community that we cannot protect students鈥� futures and be a leader in sustainability while still investing heavily in the fossil fuel industry. Bold action is necessary, and the transformation of our own institution鈥檚 endowment is the first step.

Divestment links diverse movements

In addition to divestment鈥檚 power as a tactic, it鈥檚 also helping students draw connections between their institutions鈥� policies and the larger movement for environmental and climate justice. Kirsten “Sally” Bunner, a member of Earlham College鈥檚 divestment group, says that divestment campaigns are an opportunity to connect relatively privileged college students with people 鈥渨hose lives are affected on a consistent and daily basis by the practices of the fossil fuel industry.鈥�

Communities across the world, from Appalachia to Nigeria, have been organizing against extractive practices for decades. Within the last few months, we have seen a surge of resistance from Idle No More,New Yorkers Against Fracking, and the Tar Sands Blockade. These groups aren鈥檛 pushing divestment鈥攖heir tactics range from lockdowns on pipeline construction sites to occupations of elected leaders鈥� offices. But as they organize resistance on the ground, our divestment campaigns can help to erode the reputations of the companies they鈥檙e fighting.

鈥淏y connecting with these communities and finding out ways that we can support one another,鈥� Bunner said, 鈥渨e can make a greater impact than if we simply divest from fossil fuels alone.鈥�

In order to facilitate these connections, students and activists from across the country will gather at Swarthmore College in February for the .

鈥淥ne purpose of the convergence will be to examine divestment in the context of the larger climate justice movement,鈥� said Bunner, who is one of the event鈥檚 organizers. Student-led, the convergence will bring frontline activists, students, movement allies, and climate organizers together to develop a cohesive vision and strategy for the next year.

The community at Swarthmore has given me an invaluable education and strengthened the conviction of my beliefs. But I believe my institution must do better. As a member of the younger generation, I recognize the profound weight of our planetary inheritance.

When I receive my degree in June, I will not be thinking about graduate programs or long-term employment opportunities. I will be thinking about the fact that carbon emissions must begin to decline by 2015, if we hope to prevent a change in global temperatures of more than 2 degrees, the tipping point beyond which catastrophic climate change begins.

Just two years from now, we risk passing that tipping point. The time to work together for climate justice is now. We cannot wait.

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