For Indigenous People, Abortion Is a Religious Right

After the Supreme Court reversed Roe v. Wade in June, Minnesota鈥檚 Lt. Gov. Peggy Flanagan, a member of the White Earth Ojibwe Tribe, wrote on , 鈥淚n Minnesota, your reproductive rights will stay protected. 鈥bortion is health care. Period.鈥� She wasn鈥檛 just expressing the health care policy of Minnesota; she was also expressing the long-standing viewpoint of many Indigenous peoples. For thousands of years, reproductive health care has been an important part of Indigenous peoples鈥� cultural practices, which include religious rituals, sacred rites, and the right to abortion.

With the recent by the Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women鈥檚 Health Organization, a question emerges: To what extent will Indigenous religious and cultural practices related to reproductive health, including the right to an abortion, be impacted by this decision?

Indigenous Knowledge and Ceremony

Indigenous peoples have utilized the knowledge of medicinal plants throughout every stage of reproductive health care, from , contraception, abortion, pregnancy, the birthing process, after birth, breast feeding, uterine health, and into menopause. Indigenous plant knowledge is passed down from generation to generation and is learned after years of formal training and by practicing proper cultural protocols. Our grandmother was a well-known and well-regarded Indigenous healer among the Blackfeet Nation of Montana. She learned plant knowledge from her grandmothers, including knowledge about reproductive health.

Our grandmother taught us that Blackfeet women used both medicinal plants and ritual practices for reproductive health. The Blackfeet used over a to regulate menstruation, for abortion, for the birth process, and to address symptoms of menopause. Blackfeet women also held a during which a sanctified belt decorated with religious symbols was worn to regulate fertility and prevent pregnancy. Whether using medicinal plants or religious rituals, Blackfeet people viewed reproductive health and bodily autonomy as part of our relationship with the .

Religious Viewpoints

While Christian conservatives viewed the recent decision as a 鈥�,鈥� not all religions view abortion the same. A Jewish synagogue in Southern Florida recently announced it was after it passed a law restricting abortion. Islamic religious scholars assert that 鈥� sees legal personhood as beginning at birth.鈥� Even on abortion and contraceptive care have fluctuated over time and cultures, some religious studies scholars argue. In short: There is no single religious view of abortion.

The overturning of Roe v. Wade is part of a long legacy of American Christian values being forced on Indigenous communities. Indigenous peoples in the United States have only recently been able to assert their own religious ideas and practices. The passed in 1978 after nearly 200 years of by the United States government. This law guarantees that Indigenous people have a right to access religious sites, possess sacred objects, and have full freedom to worship and practice religious ceremonies. This includes reproductive health ceremonies.

Boarding schools run by Christian churches or the federal government also played a strong role in suppressing and criminalizing Native American cultures and religions. One impact that boarding schools had on Indigenous children and communities was loss of intergenerational cultural knowledge. The U.S. government is just beginning to , as activists and members of Congress push for the passage of the .

Revitalization of Indigenous Knowledge

Though Indigenous communities deeply suffered from the intentional destruction of our cultures and religions, there has been a vibrant resurgence in traditional ecological knowledge in our communities, including reproductive health care practices.

Indigenous people are revitalizing coming-of-age ceremonies that mark when someone begins menstruation, including Ojibwe , a year-long period in which young people abstain from eating berries and learn from their elders, and Hoopa Valley Tribal , which Cutcha Risling Baldy, a professor of Native American studies at California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, calls 鈥渁 tangible, physical, spiritual and communal act of decolonization.鈥� and cultural birthing practices are also on the rise, with collectives popping up throughout Canada and the U.S.

In the days since the Supreme Court decision, several states with large tribal and urban Indian communities, including North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Idaho, and Oklahoma, have passed or introduced . Indigenous people on reservations seeking medical abortions or contraceptive care ; medical abortions and even Plan B pills , where many Native people receive health care. The recent decision to overturn Roe v. Wade will likely exacerbate these barriers to Western health care.

What remains to be seen is how the decision and resulting state laws that ban abortion will exacerbate barriers to utilizing traditional medicinal practices and Indigenous knowledge鈥攁nd if this is a violation of Indigenous peoples鈥� centuries-old cultural and religious rights.

Abaki Beck is a public health graduate student and freelance writer. She writes about Indigenous feminism, Indigenous science and knowledge, and gender-based violence in Native communities.

Rosalyn LaPier is an award winning Indigenous writer, ethnobotanist and environmental activist. She is the author of Invisible Reality: Storytellers, Storytakers & the Supernatural World of the Blackfeet. She is Blackfeet and Red River M茅tis.

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