大象传媒

This article appears in , the Winter 2015 issue of 大象传媒 Magazine.

Images of Native Americans made by non-Natives have a problematic history. During the 19th and early 20th centu­ries, ethnographers often used photos to document and romanticize the last traces of the New World’s “dying cul­tures.” Native Americans survived, but the tradition lives on: Posed images and media stereotypes continue to reduce indigenous peoples to vessels for the American imagination.

Photographer Matika Wilbur, a member of the Tulalip and Swinom­ish tribes, aims to change this. Three years ago, she set out on an ambitious undertaking, a vast road trip across America to photograph members of all 562 of America’s federally-recognized tribes. (That number is now 566.) The first part of this ongoing project was recently displayed in Wilbur’s first solo museum show, Photographic Pres­ence and Contemporary Indians: Matika Wilbur’s Project 562 at the Tacoma Art Museum in Tacoma, Wash. The show featured 40 portraits chosen from Wil­bur’s collection, which so far includes images from the more than 200 tribes she visited in the course of traveling 80,000 miles around the western United States. A fine art book series is also forthcoming from the University of Washington Press.

While Wilbur’s photos may initially bring to mind the work of Edward S. Curtis, the ethnologist famous for his photographs of North American Natives, she departs from that tradi­tion, actively working to contemporize the image of the Native American. She asks, “How can we be seen as modern, successful people if we are continu­ally represented as the leathered and feathered vanishing race?” Wilbur encourages her subjects to choose their own meaningful locations and to wear clothing that represents their identities.

Wilbur encourages her subjects to choose their own meaningful locations and to wear clothing that represents their identities.

As Wilbur travels and develops the project, she uses questions like “How do we lift our people up?” to guide her exploration. The result is revealing and celebratory: sepia-toned, lightly hand-colored prints that focus on individu­ality, personality, and identity. Walk­ing through the exhibition, one comes face to face with the vast diversity of contemporary Native America—an exultant retired professor stands with outstretched arms, a young, tattooed nonprofit founder grins widely at the camera, an elderly woman sits in a church pew and gazes directly at the viewer. There is no room for stereo­type here. Wilbur also records exten­sive interviews with her subjects, and the exhibition’s audio clips from these interviews enforce the understanding that these are images of real people.

While Native Americans have sur­vived attempted genocide, Wilbur believes her people still have to heal from the resulting intergenerational trauma. Changing the way indig­enous peoples are represented may help in this effort. It may also help in more concrete ways—historically, non-Natives have devised public policy based on their own assumptions about Native Americans. Perhaps a new perspective will provide non-Natives with a new way of understanding and mending relationships with America’s first peoples.

“For hundreds of years,” says Wilbur, “our Native ancestors have been calling for the authentic story of our people to be told.” Finally, this call is being answered.

More of Wilbur’s work, the Project 562 travel log, and updates on future exhibits can be found at .