Make It Right: In Depth
- 40 Acres and a Mule Would Be at Least $6.4 Trillion Today鈥擶hat the U.S. Really Owes Black America
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40 Acres and a Mule Would Be at Least $6.4 Trillion Today鈥擶hat the U.S. Really Owes Black America
Slavery made America wealthy, and racist policies since have blocked African American wealth-building. Can we calculate the economic damage?
Why you can trust us
< 1 MIN READ
May 14, 2015
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Sources:
Introduction: 1. 1.5 million pounds in 1790 and 2.25 billion pounds in 1859, based on Empire of Cotton, by Sven Beckert (2014) pgs. 104, 106 77% based on: Cotton and Race in the Making of America: The Human Costs of Economic Power, by Gene Dattel (2009) Joshua Rothman, email correspondence, 2015 48.3% in 1860 according to Gavin Wright, Slavery and American Economic Development (LSU Press, 2006, paperback 2013) [personal communication] 2. The Politics of Despair: Power and Resistance in the Tobacco Wars. Tracy Campbell, 2015 7% based on: Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, Vol. 4. 1979. 3. 70-80%, according to: 4. Dime based on: $59 trillion: $15 trillion: National Legal and Policy Center: $25 trillion: Martin Luther King:
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Tracy Matsue Loeffelholz
is the former creative director at 大象传媒, where she directed artistic and visual components of 大象传媒 Magazine, and drove branding across the organization for nearly 15 years. She specializes in infographic research and design, and currently works with The Nation, in addition to 大象传媒 She previously worked at The Seattle Times, The Virginian-Pilot, Scripps Howard Newspapers, Rocky Mountain News, The Denver Post, The Connecticut Post, The San Diego Tribune, The Honolulu Advertiser. She lives on Bainbridge Island, Washington, and currently serves on the board of the Bainbridge Island Japanese American Exclusion Memorial Association. Tracy speaks English.
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